Broido



D. BROIDO Aug. 9, 1949.

PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR Filed Jan( 23, 1945 l4 Sheets-Sheet l 2 4 3Inventor Altorney Aug. 9, 1949.

PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR Filed Jan. 23, 1945 14 Sheets-Sheet 2 P cverse [22/12 #5,

D. BROIDO 2,478,365

Aug. 9, 1949.

Filed Jan. 23, 1945 D. BROIDO PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR 14 Sheets-Shes4 23 5 rzuentor Attorney Aug. 9, 1949. D. BROIDO 2,478,365

PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR Filed Jan. 23, 1945 14 Sheets-Sheet 5 F/G3A.

/" A Horney Aug. 9, 1949. D. BROIDO .PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR FiledJan. 23, 1945 14 Sheets-Sheet 6 Inventor RIM/3M Attorney 1949- D. BROIDO2,478,365

PART IAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR Filed Jan. 25, 1945 14 Sheets-Sheet '7 36 53/8 Inventor Attorney Aug. '9, 1949. D. BROIDO PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATORFiled Jan. 25, 1945 FIG].

14 Sheets-Sheet 8 Inventor 20s I Attorney Aug. 9, 1949. D. BROIDOPARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR 14 Shee'ts Sheet 9 Filed Jan. 23, 1945Attorney Aug. 9, 1949. D. BROIDO PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR l4Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed Jan. 25, 1945 tlorney Aug. 9, 1949. D. BROIDOPARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR l4 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed Jan. 23, 1945 A Homey I. P w

Aug. 9, 1949. D. BROIDO PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR l4 Sheets-Sheet 12Filed Jan. 23. 1945 F/GZZ.

Attorney Aug. 9, 1949. D. BROIDO PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR 14Shets-Sheet 13 Filed Jan. 25, 1945 F/G/S.

I56 [NI/5H9 31/32 8518/ I82 FIG/6 9, 1949- D. BROIDO 2,478,365

PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR Filed Jan. 25, 1945 14 Sheets-Sheet 14 73 5(/n/fs Tn s l/nhs Tens Units I Inventor By I I Attorney Patented Aug. 91949 lilN'ITED STATES PATENT oer-ice:

2,478,365 PARTIAL PRODUCT CALCULATOR DaniellBroido; .Cckf0sters',.nearBarnet; England Application January 23, 1945, SerialNb. 574,065 InGreatBritain February 3,1944

2i Claimsi. (Cl. 235-451) This invention rel-ates to calculating:machines of the partial products type.

Machines-oi this type havea-marlced advantagearc-comparedwith those ofthe repeated ad ditiontype insofaras they require only single operatingcycle per eachmultiplier denomination irrespective of the digit;Whereas-- re peated addition machines requirel moperathig cyclesaccording to digits l-9--ofthe respectiv multiplier denominations: onthe other rd; partial products machines are somewhat-bulkyand'complica-ted, since all partial productsmust bestored inthe machine,selected a required ace ording-to the digits Otmultiplicand" andmultiplier; and entered into thecorrect dencmina tionalelements or theproductsrogistse' accord ing to multiplier denominations; furtherdifiieulty iscaused by the factthatt i tens of a partial productofiamultiplicand' digi-t must be entered intothe samedeno 'iational re ring element theunits of the 1 partial 1 product oh the next higherdenomination.- A- iurth r drawbackof partial products machines: is thatthey are not easily adaptable-iondivision;

The-broad object of the present-invention is to provide a calculatingmachine'of the partial products type Whichisrelatively compact and easyto make, fastandzeasy.tooperataand which can be readily used for. all.calculations. include ing multiplicatiom. addition, subtraction,- anddivision.

More specificallystatedthe object of themvention is; to providea partialproducts calculating machine havingreadily dis laceable representationsof partial products, thersel-ection-oi. partial products according. tothe digitsoi the multiplier (or quotient) aswell as theeselection of thedenominationalregistering elements into which these. partial productsare to beentered, being effected by selectively/positioning the-rep,resehtationsof partial productsaccording to the respective digitsanddencminations of. the multiplier (or quotient).

Further objects of this invention are asfole lows:

(a) To provide a calculating machineadaph ed to eifect the Wholemultiplication of. the set: up factor by any digit, and to enter theproduct either additively or suotractively into the prod-'- uctsregister in a single operating cycle without a relative displacement ofthe representations of partial products the result register; so that theoperation may bere-peated-as required in division,

(b) To provide a-calculating machine having;

: two'separategroiuos.

(c) To devise a calculating machine providing in asimple manner avisible indication not: only of the set-up factor butalso of therespective dimtand denemihation' of the secon'd factor "prior to theactual operation, so that anycrrorsmay be corr'eoted beiore the" calculation initiated;

(d) To provide a calculating machine.- with physical" representations ofpartial products of the set-up values arranged' -on aa carriage-shifta'lile' transversely of" stationary: registers and associated sensingmeans into-a plurality of denominationali positions, all saidrepresentations of 'each": set-up value being arranged" on a singlemember or adouble Inember'extending in the direction-ofthecarriage-shift, the representationsof consecutive partial productsbeingar ranged in consecutive order inathe-samedirection;

(:e) To. provide calculatingimachinewith a carriageshiftable'transversely of a". stationary multiplier (quotient) registerinto a plurality-0f denominationalpositionss each comprising-1aplurality of digital positions; a: drivingz' member shiftablezw-ith thecarriage. being adapted 1 during each operating cycleto;:enterintothatidenomienational element-of; said registerwhichl-corresponds to :the resmctive denominational l position of. the:carriagethe dig-it corresponding. to the respective digital positionthereon.

(f). To; provide: a. calculating. machine with relatively simple; meansfor; automatically shift.-

ing the: carriage into thenext denominational position after eachoperating cyc-le during amultiplying operation.

(g) To provide-2a calculating; machine with relatively simple means forselectively shifting the: carriage: into: the: desired: denominationaland: dig-ital position and .for. repeated; operation in theisamedigitali or denominational; position during: a dividing :operation:

Eurther. objects. of the; invention Willi become apparent asthe;descriptionzproceeds:

General: arrangement The ma'chineabout to bedescribed has a c-apocityfor multiplican-ds'; divisors; etc; up -to-999', 999;multipliersmoi-"quotients -upto 9995999} ancl' prod ucts; dividends; orsums up to' 9,999,9995999399; however, it will Y be understood 1 that a:machine made -accordi ng'to the invention may/be offany capacity; Themachine-comprises,- generally; a

set-up mechanism, a feeler mechanism, a products register, a multiplier(quotient) register, driving and operating means, and associateddevices.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of theinvention:

Figure 1 is a view, on a reduced scale, of the machine'ifkeinithefd-irectionoiar'row Fi 11 135 2, .1}. p" l 2 Figures 2 and 2Atogether represent a vertical section on lines 11-11 of Figures 3A and'7,

Figures 3 and 3A together represent asectiqn on line III--III of Figures2, 2A,"

Figure 4 is a fragmentary verticali sectiom-o line IV-IV .of Figures 3A,5, and 6,

Figure 5 is a horizontal section o lin of Figures 2, 2A and 4,

Figure 6 is a vertical section on lin VI-"-VI of Figure 4,

Figure '1 is a section oii line vn-vn angers Zr-ZAtand-AWm2. u'wFigl-HQ'B: is aisectiontaken in-th sam planeFiguresflflAvshgwing;certam parts ofetheqfeeler; mechanism-1: H

Figure 9 illustrates anothe pos tion showncin; Fi llllezfi, 111:9 i

Fi ure l0-iisz 1aafra nientaryi .e. ca

i .210" lig i idii i ure 14 iSiZyyB ZFiQQJiSS GU Q n li e 1 Figured?is'a planzviewiofna the directionzofzarrow coyen-beingremoved, i c:Figure@18:=shows;.par

' front elevation; detailsiofthemultiplier register, v, Figure*19i showsdia'grammaticallyrthearrang mentfof theip'artial ruducts: 1ates;;.; -2-212iFigure'zoishows acompletenenominationa eat of 'a'rti'alod'uct'splatesf igur' 21 'is a tifi'ring char and se plate side ra iiesi l yi a M? mm e'setz-upmechanism is mounted onshiftablewtransverselyzof the. machine. arAsshownimFigs;;2i+.6,-irthe:earriage comprises side :plates 4; 5 rigidlyinterconnecterl bybars .6-;-.;'l;and two. pairs ofl'barsiti 9,110;Figa:2,iwhich haveballs= "adapted to rollalongiz=railsrrl2wlfigldasecured in theasupe e. The carriage has a cover15 me: can" positionsiis re in.Figure.-2; he machine ore zz shcwgmodified partial'product plates? "the setup mecnan s -i arcarriag'e tothe right as viewed in l1 anemia-ash pos imedenommationzfofnthegmultiplier a$.. .w11l:he fully described 715,

hereafter. In each denominational position the carriage can assume anyone of nine digital positions, according to the digit of the respectivemultiplier denomination. Thus, in order to mulltiply by 500, thecarriage is shifted into the fifth digital position of the third(hundreds) denominational position. In the following description,fr-ight=and leitfi refers tq 'th e' view of; Fig. 1, nles's otherwise"specified; while clockwise and anticlockwise means as seen from theright in Fig. 1, that is from the side where handle 210 is .situateg andjjforward means towards the front of the machine.

. The? denominational shift of the carriage is iiected by means of ashift lever i8, Figs. 4 and 5, b h l9 slidahle on a flat shaft 2trotatable 22' inmachine frames 2, 3, respectively A tie-rod 23 (see alsoFig. 2.) rigidly connects shiit lever is with a bail 21; fast on bush25,

Fig. 5, slidable on sleeve 28. Pivoted at 21, Fig. 14,

spring 3!} anchored i1- -;.trie;supportingstructure.

supportin i iailicish c rriagea fs det rmin d bmafixedstontt :3whilecarria em ve ntto hele itis mits by;

merit. tflrrandr prmegz fi sawesther riage tdzshiitapp oximate y halite;enqm nar, tionalistepttoih .ri ll iwhgre ppn :fQE-WWMZQ: tension 35, Fisel aoapa 3 15B age ai qth or a:. second-rack .5: V 8. isarelasedrtheicarria efi h steptotherigh m ibnaw iilaroekin dqw.underjtheiinfiuenceoi-isprine 38. e a es t. angst. toot-iron zrackzfi-fiiso l'lha :therarri eecomple es a:.=ru1l,.-;one-step. movement n o: thex lower denominationalgpositioni, x ilrrheilidfiplfe siQnitoishifttlever', 8 is-res hent limited by a; plate; Til.:Figs.-.;A:and:5. lck b e; Q11 pivot I. :38; and biased idownwards by Spring 113.9.-shiit-lever...[axis beingrdepressed' and pawl 3 l: justlclears:thetooth;on rack-.32, theupperiedge oi ipawl fil sstr ikes againstiplate 31;;:thu'sindicat:- ing to the operator that he may now release the shiftl'ver ifl if'onlyi one-step carriage shiftiis intended. I-l eve a'con'siderable; shift in eitherdire'ctio is; r quired; the-operajtor maycontihue t jde'pressshift'lever i'flythus stretching spring 3-9;until"the ibrw'ai d eiit'ensioii- 3'5 =0n'pawl S'Pabu against rana; sothateXtensionfliE- clears may now shift' 'the car- 1 y pu's'hing st ing"-Theui itar siiirt iQs l qsit abyhdisn a i friase relative'lyftoshiftl've'r lB'an'd'pawl 31'. For this pur- .a digital shift lever 4D,Figs..4, 6, 3A, is rockon sh'a'f ournalled in bearings H t i riageplates 4, 5 e 40; anberocked by means of i y o ne angular position 1-9incerriagacover isgas at 45, Fig. 1. De- Figs 6 roclgahle on sleeve 41on shaft a: J9. shrines, into a m t w t teeth formed on lever 49 inorder to locate the latterrinaniwne Qtitsn a a p o s. A

in relative positions shown in Fig. 6; when knob.

44 on lever 49 is shifted anti-clockwise into position 2, cam 49 forcesthe carriage to move towards the left away from shift lever IS adistance equal to one ninth of the pitch of rack 32, and so forth, whichdistance may be termed a digital step. When knob 44 ispulled down intothe lowest position 9, the carriage shifts eight digital steps away fromthe denominational shift lever i3 and pawl 3|.

The digital and denominational positions of the carriage are indicatedby a plate 54, Figs. 17 and 2, secured near the top of the left-handcarriage plate 4. Plate 54 has nine numerals 1-9 conveniently arrangedin two rows, a coloured mark 55 being placed below or above eachnumeral. In any position of the carriage, a numeral and its associatedmark 55 is visible through one of apertures 55 in machine cover 57; oneof apertures 56 is provided for each denominational position of thecarriage, which is indicated by mark 55 appearing in the respectiveaperture 56, while the digital position of the carriage is indicated bythe numeral visible in this aperture. Thus, in Fig. 1 a mark 55 visiblein the extreme right-hand aperture 55 indicates that the carriage is inthe first denominational position corresponding to the units of themultiplier, and the numeral 1 visible in this aperture indicates thefirst digital position corresponding to the digit 1; thus, in theposition shown in Fig. 1, the carriage is adjusted for 1 unitsmultiplier; this position of the car riage is hereafter referred to asthe initial position. Should, for instance, numeral 9 appear in theextreme left-hand aperture 56, the carriage would be set for 9hundreds-of-thousands multipler, or 900,000. Since when a mark 55 isvisible in an aperture 56 the associated numeral is also visible in thisaperture, marks 55 may be omitted if desired.

The multiplicand is set up by means of knobs 58 on bails 59, Fig. 2,each bail being rotatable on a bush 80, Fig. 3A, fixedly mounted onshaft 4|. Fixed to each hail 59 is a strip 6|, Figs. 2 and 6, withnumerals -9 visible through an aperture 62 in carriage cover 55. Eachball 59 has locating teeth co-operating with a detent 63 rockable onsleeve 4? onshaft 29 and biased on to respective bail by a spring 49. Tofacilitate the setting, numerals 0-9 (not shown) may be provided oncarriage cover along the slots through which the bails 59 protrude.

There is one bail 59 for each multiplicand denomination within themachine capacity; the present embodiment comprises six bails 59. Fixedlymounted on each bail 59 are ten plates 64 representing, in a manner tobe fully described hereafter, the tens of partial products 0-9. Plates04 co-act with a bank of sensing pins 65, Figs. 2 and 3A; by adjusting aknob 58 so that a certain numeral, say 9, appears in the respectiveaperture 62 the plate. 64 associated with numeral 9 is aligned with pins65, this plate containing representations of the tens of all partialproducts of this numeral, thus:

Linked at 66 to each bail 59 is a connecting rod 6'! linked at 68 to acrank 69 rockable on a shaft 10 fixedly mounted in carriage plates 4, 5.Each crank 69 is fixed to a bail H having ten plates 12 representing theunits of the partial products; plates 12 co-act with sensing pins 13 ofa second bank. Taking the above example, when knob 58 on, a bail 59 isset to 9, a units plate 9 on the respective bail 7i presents to thesensing pins 13 the units of partial products of 9, thus:

9 1=9 units 9 2=8 units 9 3=7 units 9 4=6 units 9 5=5 units 9 6=4 units9 7=3 units 9 8=2 units nd.

9 9=1 units Plates 14, 15, Figs. 3, 3A, and plates 16, 11 fixed tocarriage plates 4, 5 in line with upper pins and lower pins 73,respectively, serve to fill the space between carriage plates 4, 5 asfar as sensing pins 65, 13 are concerned.

All denominational sets of partial products plates 64, 12 are exactlyalike; one such set is shown by way of illustration in Figure 20. Eachplate is notched so as to represent the tens or the units of therespective numeral in a manner clearly shown in the case of platesassociated with numeral 9, all other plates being formed similarly; the0 plates are naturally not notched at all. Each pair of plates to bedivided into nine width, as indicated by two the tens plate associatedwith 9. Each strip is reserved for the notch representing the digit ofthe product of the respective set-up numeral (in this case, 9) by therespective multiplier numeral. On each plate are marked ten imaginaryhorizontal equidistant lines, designated by numerals 0-9 on the righthand side of the drawings; these lines indicate the respective value oftens or units of the partial product, whereby line 0 coincides with theoriginal top edge of the plate. Thus, in thev vertical strip 1 the unitsplate 72 is cut down to the level 9, since 9 1:9 units, and the tensplate 64 is not notched at all, since 9 l:0 tens. In strip 2 the unitplate is cut down to level 8 and the tens plate to level 1, since 9 2::1tens 8 units, and so forth. Strip 9 contains notches cut to level 1 inunits plate and 8 in tens plate, since 9 9=8 tens 1 units. Thus, thedepth of each notch is proportionate to the digit represented by thenotch.

Figure 19 shows diagrammatically the manner in which the partialproducts plates are arranged in the machine in operative relationshipwith sensing pins 65, 13. There is one pair of pins 65, 13 associatedwith each denomination of the product, each pair being indicated by avertical line. designated 1, L0, 10 (units, tens and 64, 12 may bethought vertical strips of equal lines of numerals below so forth). Fig.19 corresponds roughly to a plan view of the mechanism, and since thetwo pins 65, I3 of each pair are arranged in the same vertical plane,they are represented by a single line. The transverse distance betweeneach pair of pins 65, 13 is the same in all cases; it is equal to thedenominational step of the carriage as heretofore described. The unitsplates I2 and the tens plates 64 belonging to the same set-updenomination are transversely offset as shown, so that when the unitsplate 5 is aligned with pin I3 of the 1 pair, its associated tens plateis aligned with pin 65 of the 10 pair, and so forth.

Figure 19 illustrates the multiplication 475x381, and it shows thepartial products plates associated with 4 hundreds, '7 tens, and 5 unitsin the transverse positions reserved for multiplication by 1, 88, and300, respectively. Considering first the multiplication by 1, thecarriage is in the initial position, the first strip 1 on all partialproducts plates being aligned with sensing pins of the respective pairs,as indicated by numeral 1 on the right-hand plate being aligned with theunits (1) pair of sensing pins. The sensing pins will sense thefollowing amounts:

2 Sensmg pms %853? 10 (tens) 1 (units) Units plates 72 4 7 5 Tens plates64 0 O 1O 1O Sensing pms 18 (tens of l0 thousands) 3 3:? $3 (tens) 1(umts) Units plates 72... 0 2 6 0 0 Tens plates 64... 3 5 4 0 0 In orderto multiply by 300, the carriage is shifted into the third (hundreds)denominational position and into the 3 digital position, as indicated bynumeral 3 on the right hand plate being aligned with the pair of sensingpins. The readings are as follows:

sensing pins 1o 10 10 10 10 1 Units plates 72 0 2 1 5 0 0 Tens plates 64l 2 1 O 0 0 The sum of these three sub-products 475+38,000+142,500=188,975 is the final product. In actual operation, themultiplication by 800 is preferably effected first, then themultiplication 6 by 30, and finally the multiplication by 1.

Setting levers 58 may be restored individually, or collectively by meansof a restoring lever 18, Figs. 2 and 3, fast on shaft 4|. Adjacent toeach bail 59 is a restoring bush I9 fast on shaft 4I. Adjacent ends ofeach bush I9 and of its associated bail 59 are formed as a dog clutch;as clearly shown in section in Fig. 2, bails 59 are free to rockanti-clockwise through a certain angle around their bushes 88 (Fig. 3A),but when the restoring lever 18 and shaft 4| are rotated clock- 8 wise,restoring bushes 19 pick up their associated bails 59 and restore themto the initial position in Fig. 2. Lever I8 is restored by its ownweight or by a spring (not shown).

Feeler mechanism Sensing pins 65, I3 (Figs. 2, 2A, 3, 3A, 8, 9) areslidably mounted in a frame 88 secured to base plate I; they are biasedby springs BI away from products plates 64, 12, so that normally thereis a clearance 82, Fig. 2, sufficient for a free transverse movement ofthe carriage. Pins 65, I3 co-act with double-pronged feelers 83, each ofwhich is pivoted at 84, Fig. 9, to a gear sector rockable on a shaft 86fixedly supported in machine frames 2, 3. There is one gear sector 85for each possible denomination of the product; an additional gearsector, without a feeler 83, is shown on the left in Fig. 3; it isreserved for the highest denomination operated solely by the carrydevice, as will be described in due course. A lever 81, Fig. 9, isrockably mounted on shaft 86 adjacent to each gear sector 85; a pin 88fixed to lever B! engages a slot in the associated gear sector 85, and aspring 89, Fig. 2A, interconnects each lever with its gear sector. Aspring 98 anchored on a rod 9I secured in frame 88 tends to rock eachlever 81 anti-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 2A, vis., onto a restoring bar92 which extends across the machine and is at each end rockably mountedon shaft 86. Bar 92 is biased anti-clockwise by its own weight or aspring (not shown) a roller 93 journalled at each end of bar 92 co-actswith a cam 94 fast on a shaft 95 rotatable in bearings 96, 97, Figs. 3,3A, in machine frames 2, 3. Cams 94 are so shaped that during the firsthalf of each revolution of cam shaft 95 the restoring bar 92 releasesthe levers 81 for anticlockwise movement under the influence of springs98, whereupon it restores the levers; during the second half-turn ofshaft 95 this operation is repeated, so that during each revolutionlevers 81, and consequently gear sectors 85, are reciprocated twice.

Each feeler 83 is linked at 38, Fig. 9, to a rod 99 connecting it to across-rod I88 secured in a rocking frame I8I mounted at each end onshaft 83. Rollers I82, one at each end of rocking frame Iill, arepressed by springs I83, Fig. 2A, on to cams I88 fast On cam shaft 95.Rods 99, crossrod I88, frame I8I and cams I84 serve to adjust the prongsof feelers 83 in line with upper sensing pins 85 or lower sensing pinsI3, respectively. Normally feelers 83 are in the position shown in Fig.2A, the prongs of feelers 83 not touching the sensing pins 85, I3. Whenthe cam shaft 95 begins to rotate, cams I84 cause frame IM to rockslightly anti-clockwise, so that cross-rod I88 and rods 99 move upwardsand rock the feelers 83 slightly anti-clockwise into position shown infull lines in Fig. 8; upper prongs on feelers 83 are aligned with uppersensing pins 85 and push them slightly to the left (towards the front ofthe machine) a distance indicated at 82, which is equal to clearance 82,Fig. 2, so that the forward ends of sensing pins 65 just touch thepartial products plates 64, or just begin to enter notches therein, asthe case may be. In this position, the lower prongs of feelers 83 areclear of the lower sensing pins I3. Reciprocating cams 94 now releasethe restoring bar 92, and levers 8! together with gear sectors 85 rockanti-clockwise, while the upper prongs on feelers 83 push the respectivesensing pins 65 into the notches in the partial product plates 64.Pivots 84, 98,

cross-rod I00, and shaft 86 are arranged in a parallelogram, so that theprongs of feelers 83 move along lines substantially parallel to the axisof sensing pins 65, I3. The amount of movement of each co-operatinggroup of parts comprising a sensing pin a feeler 83, a gear sector 85,and a lever 57 obviously depends on the depth of notch sensed by therespective pin 65, and since this depth is proportionate to theparticular digit represented by the notch, the stroke of gear sector 85is also proportionate to this digit. Dash-anddot lines in Figure 8indicate positions of the various parts at the end of the firsthalf-turn after sensing the deepest possible notch representing 9(actually, in the case of the tens products plates 64 the highest digitis 8).

On completion of the first half-turn, cams I04 swing rocking frame I8Iclockwise, so that rods 99 rock feelers 83 into position shown in Fig.9; the lower prongs are now aligmnent with lower sensing pins i3, whilethe upper prongs are clear of upper sensing pins 65. Feelers B3, gearsectors 85, and levers 8? are again moved forward a distance determinedby the depth of notches in the units partial products plates I2. Thefurthest position reached by the prongs of feelers 83 after sensing a 9is shown in dash-and-dot lines. It will be understood that if a sensingpin 65 or I3 does not encounter a notch (as, for instance, in the caseof zero values), it does not move beyond the clearance 82, and therespective gear sector 85 does not move appreciably at all. Towards theend of second half-turn the parts are again restored into positionsshown in full lines in Fig. 9, and near the end of full turn of camshaft 55 the feelers 33 again assume the neutral position shown in Fig.2A. The coordination of cams 95, M34, sensing pins 65, I3, and gearsectors 85 is clearly shown in the timing chart of Fig. 21

An inspection of Figure 3 shows that when the carriage is in the initialposition on the extreme right, it is not aligned with the four left-handpairs of sensing pins 65, I3. Similarly, when the carriage is on theextreme left, it is clear of the three right-hand pairs of sensing pins.An arrangement shown in Figs. 2, 2A, and 5 serves to put out of actionthose sensing pins 65, I3 and gear sectors 85 which are clear of thecarriage. Gear sectors 85 associated with four left-hand and threeright-hand pairs of sensing pins are extended downwards as at I55, Fig.2A; each extension I55 co-acts with a latch I05 pivoted at Isl thesupporting structure and connected by a I58 to a rocker I89 pivoted atIII] and biased by spring Iii, Fig. 5, on to a stop H2. Rockers 55. 9co-act with a knock-out plate H3 secured to the carriage. As long as arocker I09 abuts against the knock-out plate H3, the associated latchI96 unlocks the tail 35 on the respective gear sector 85, as shown onthe right of so that the gear sector is free to operate heretoforedescribed. If the knock-out plate is not with a rocker I89, this rockerswings to its stop I I2 and the associated latch 1 tail I85 of gearsector 85, as shown on left of Fig. 5. so that this gear sector cannotmove forward (anti-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 2A). However, gearsectors '85 which are locked by their atches Hi5 are free to moveclockwise for the purpose of carry-over, as will be explained I eafter.The gear sector 85 on the extreme left is prevented from ananti-clockwise movement by a fixed stop (not shown), since this gearsector serves only for the carry-over.

l meshes with a and also with Products register In the presentembodiment, the products register, Figs. 1, 2A, 7, comprises thirteennumeral wheels H4 rotatable on shaft H5 journalled in bearings H6, II-Iin machine frames 2, 3. Numerals on wheels H4 are visible throughapertures H8 in machine cover 51. Fixed to each numeral wheel H4 is agear H9 and (except the wheel of the highest denomination) a one-toothpinion I20, Fig. 7. The hub of each wheel H4 is extended axially to forma zero lug I 2I co-acting with a conventional comb-bar I22 slidable in akey-way in shaft H5. Wheels H4, which may be slotted to facilitate theassembly, are spaced apart by slotted collars I23. Comb-bar I22 ispressed into a cam-like recess in bearing H6 by a spring I 24'; whenshaft H5 is rotated as will be described in due course, comb-bar I22 isforced to the right out of the recess in bearing II 6, so thatelevations I25 on comb-bar I22 pick up respective zero lugs I2I andrestore the numeral wheels H4 to the zero position. On completion ofturn of shaft H5 the comb-bar I 22 is again shifted into the recess inbearing I I6. Gears I I9 are located by means of detents I26, Fig. 2A,rockable on rod I21 fixedly mounted in machine frames 2, 3; detents I26are biased by springs I28 anchored in a bar I29 secured to machineframes 2, 3.

Rockably mounted on shaft H5 is a frame I30 in which is fixedly mounteda shaft I3I. Gears I32 rotatable on shaft I3I each mesh with a gear III!on a numeral wheel H4; fixed to each gear I32 is a pinion I33 which maybe meshed with the respective gear sector '85, as will be describedhereafter. A second frame I34 rockable on shaft II5 supports a shaft I35with idler gears I36 and another shaft I31 with gears I38. Each idlerI36 gear H!) on a numeral wheel II 4 a gear I38; fixed to each gear I38is a pinion I39 which may be meshed with the respective gear sector 85.After the products register has been cleared, the parts are in theposition of Fig. 2A, neither the pinions I33 nor the pinions I39 beingin mesh with gear sectors 85. During additive operations (addition andmultiplication) gears H9 are driven clockwise by pinions I33 which arein mesh with gear sectors 85, pinions I39 being out of mesh, as shown inFig. 8, wherein the various gears and pinions are represented by'dash-and-dot pitch circles. Dur ing negative operations (subtractionand division) gears H9 are driven in the opposite direction(anti-clockwise) by pinions I39 which are in mesh with gear sectors '85,while pinions I33 are out of mesh, as shown in Fig. 16. It will beremembered that the stroke of gear sectors 85 is respectivelyproportionate to the digits to be entered into the register; thus, themovement of gears H9 and wheels 4 is also proportionate to therespective digits, which may be entered either additively orsubtra'ctively.

As shown in Fig. 12, frame I30 is biased upwards at each end by a springI40 anchored in the supporting structure. Pivoted at I4I at each side offrame I30 is a rod I 42 linked at I43 to a rocker I44 pivoted at I45 toa bracket I46 secured to the base plate 'I. Journalled in each rockerI44 is a roller I41 co-acting with a cam I48, Fig. 13, rotatable on mainoperating shaft I49 journalled in bearings I50, I5I' in machine frames'2, 3. In position shown in Figs. 3, 3A cams I 48 are splined to shaftI49 by lugs I52, I53 on a sliding key I5 shiftable in a keyway in shaftI49. Cams I43 are so shaped that, when splined to shaft I49 and rotated,they cause during the return stroke of gear sectors 85 the rockers I44and the frame I36 to rock downwards, so that pinions I33 are meshed withgear sectors 85 and drive the numeral wheels I I4 additively. During theforward stroke of gear sectors 85 pinions I33 remain out of mesh. Theexact co-ordination of cams I46 with reciprocating cams 94 is shown inthe timing chart of Fig. 21.

Similarly, frame I34 is biased clockwise by springs I55, Fig. 11.Pivoted at I56 at each side of frame I34 is a rod I51 linked at I58 to arocker I59 pivoted at I66 in the supporting structure. Journalled ineach rocker I59 is a roller I6I co-acting with a cam I62 rotatable onmain shaft I49. Cams I62 may be splined to shaft I49 by lugs I63, I64,Figs. 3, 3A, on key I54 when the latter is shifted to the left. Cams I62are shaped similarly to cams I48; they bring the pinions I39 into meshwith gear sectors 85 during the return stroke of the latter, so that thenumeral wheels II4 are driven subtractively.

Fixed to cams I48, I82, respectively, are stop discs I65, Figs. 11 and.12, co-acting with detents I66 rockable on rods I68 anchored on rod 9|.Stop discs I65 serve to locate the cams yieldingly and to prevent themfrom rotation due to friction, while allowing them to rotate whenpositively splined to shaft I49 by means of key I54.

Loosely mounted on hubs of cams 148, I62, respectively, are plates I69,I16, Figs. 12, 11, biased clockwise by springs I1I anchored in therespective cams. Pins I12 fixed to the cams engage slots in therespective plates I69, I16. The lower end of each plate I69, I16 isadapted to co-operate with the roller I41, I6I, respectively, while theother end is formed with an abutment I13 co-acting with a pawl I 14 faston a shaft I15 journalled in machine frame 2 and a bracket I16,

Fig. 13, fixed to a cross-bar I11 secured to machine frames 2, 3. Aplate I18, Fig. 10, fast on shaft I15 is biased clockwise by a springI19 anchored at I86 in machine frame 2. Spring I19 is considerablystronger than springs I1I consequently, when towards the end of arevolution abutments I13 on plates I69 or I16, as the case may be, areengaged by pawls I14, the respective plates are retarded relatively totheir respective cams I'48 or I82, so that at the end of revolutionplates I69 (or I16) remain in the position shown in Fig. 12; plates I69(or I16) still support rollers I41 (or I6I, respectively), so that theregister wheels II4 remain in mesh with gear sectors 85 via pinions I33(or I39, as the case may be). Thus, the intermediate carry-over may beeffected as will be described hereafter. Should the machine be againoperated in the same sense as before (that is without a change fromadditive to subtractive operation or vice versa) abutments I13 areadapted to push the respective pawls I14 out of the way, since pins I12now rest against the end of slots in respective plates I69 (or I16) andthus couple the plates positively to the respective cams I48 or I62. Assoon as abutments I13 clear the ends of pawls I14, springs I1I' swingthe plates I69 (or I16) clockwise until pins I12 abut against theopposite ends of their slots. as shown in Fig. 11; thus, the cams I48(or I62) alone remain eifective'with regard torollers I41 (or I'6I), andthe operation proceeds according to the timing chart of Fig. 21.However, should the next operation be reversed from additive tosubtractive or vice-versa, shaft I15 is rocked slightly anti-clockwiseby means to be described I61 and biased :by springs H hereafter,

12 and pawls I14 release the previously engaged abutments I13; platesI69 (or I16) assume, in relation to rollers I41 (or I6I), theinoperative position shown in Fig. 11, so that the register wheels I'I4are demeshed from gear sectors 85.

The carry-over is effected by one-tooth pinions I26 on register wheelsII4 co-acting with carry pawls I8I, Figs. l5, l6, 7. Carry pawls I81 areshaped substantially like detents I26, and they are biased by individualsprings I28, Fig. 2A, like the latter. Each carry pawl 18! has an armI82 co-acting with an extension I83 on gear sector of the next higherdenomination, and also with a latch I84 rockable on shaft I85 and biasedby a spring I86 anchored in a bar I81. In the normal, e.g. non-carryingposition shown in Fig. 2A, arm I82 locks the co-acting extension I83 ofgear sector 85 of the next higher denomination. When the one-toothpinion I26 becomes aligned with the end of carry pawl I8I, it causes thepawl to swing into position shown in Fig. 15, in which position thecarry pawl is locked by its latch I84. Thus, gear sector 85 of the nexthigher denomination is, on completion of its return stroke, not arrestedby the arm I82, and moves one more step under the influence of itsspring 89 into position shown in Fig. 16, thus effecting the carryover.This gear sector 85 also slightly rocks the latch I84 clockwise so as tounlatch the respective arm I 82 in readiness for the next operation.Should the carry occur while the gear sector 85 of the next higherdenomination is stationary, the carrying operation is effected, asdescribed, immediately the reciprocating cams 94 restore the levers 81into the initial position.

While there is always sufficient time for the intermediate carry (thatis, carry made necessary by a carry in the next lower denomination) atthe end of an operation, there maybe lack of time at the end of thefirst half-turn of cam shaft 95 if there is to be a carry on a carry. Inthis case there may be the danger that the reg ister wheels II4 may bedemeshed from gear sectors 85 before all gear sectors have had time tocomplete the additional step required for the carry operation. In orderto avoid this difficulty, reciprocating cams 94 are shaped at I88, Figs.2A and 21, so as to rock the levers 81 slightly anti-clockwise from theposition shown in Fig. 2A into position (relatively to gear sector 85)of Fig. 16, with the result that pins 88 now look the associated gearsectors 85 as soon as cams I48, I62 begin to demesh pinions I33, I39,respectively. Any gear sector 85 which thus has been prevented fromeffecting the carry at the end of the first half-turn will do so at theend of the full cycle, since the respective carry pawl I8I and arm I82will remain in the carrying position of Fig. 15 due to latch I84. Thisdelayed action is permissible since the carry on a carry never exceeds 1in a complete cycle. The direct carry (that is, carry due to a readingentered from a ,partial products plate 64 or 12 is always effectedimmediately at the end of the respective halfcycle without any delayedaction.

Multiplier (quotient) register The multiplier register, Figs. 1, 2, 7,of the present embodiment comprises six numeral wheels I89 each havingwhite numerals (foradditive calculations) and'red numerals (forsubtractive calculations) visible through apertures I96 in machine cover51. Wheels I89 are rotatable on shaft

